馬來酸酐又稱順丁烯二酸酐（MAH），簡(jiǎn)稱順酐，是順丁烯二酸的酸酐，室溫下為有酸味的無色或白色固體，分子式為C4H2O3。順丁烯二酸酐以前用苯的催化氧化制備，但由于的緣故，現(xiàn)在大多用正丁烷氧化法制取。下面
順酐廠家來講講馬來酸酐的合成方法及儲(chǔ)運(yùn)注意事項(xiàng)。
Maleic anhydride, also known as Maleic anhydride (MAH), is the acid anhydride of maleic acid. It is a colorless or white solid with sour taste at room temperature, and its Molecular formula is C4H2O3. Maleic anhydride was previously prepared by catalytic oxidation of benzene, but now it is mostly prepared by n-butane oxidation due to the price. Next, the maleic anhydride manufacturer will talk about the synthesis method of maleic anhydride and precautions for storage and transportation.
馬來酸酐的合成方法
Synthesis of Maleic Anhydride
1、苯氧化法
1. Benzene oxidation method
苯蒸氣和空氣（或氧氣）在以V2O5－MnO3等為活性組分，α-Al2O3為載體的催化劑上發(fā)生氣相氧化反應(yīng)生成順酐。苯氧化法是順酐的傳統(tǒng)方法，工藝技術(shù)成熟可靠，其中以SD法應(yīng)用為普及。
Benzene vapor and air (or oxygen) are active components such as V2O5-MnO3, α- Gas phase oxidation reaction occurs on the catalyst supported by Al2O3 to generate maleic anhydride. The benzene oxidation method is a traditional production method for maleic anhydride, with mature and reliable process technology, among which the SD method is widely used.
2、C4烯烴法
2. C4 olefin method
該法是以混合C4餾分中的有效成分正丁烯、丁二烯等為原料，和空氣（或氧氣），在V2O5－P2O5系催化劑作用下經(jīng)氣相氧化反應(yīng)生成順酐，其中正丁烯在反應(yīng)過程中先脫氫生成丁二烯，再氧化生成順酐。在反應(yīng)過程中，除生成主產(chǎn)物外，還副產(chǎn)生成一氧化碳、二氧化碳和水以及少量的乙醛、乙酸、丙烯醛和呋喃等，原料單耗高，收率低，該法已經(jīng)逐漸被淘汰。
In this method, n-butene, butadiene and other Active ingredient in the mixed C4 fraction are used as raw materials, and air (or oxygen) is used to generate maleic anhydride through gas-phase oxidation reaction under the action of V2O5-P2O5 system catalyst. In the reaction process, n-butene is dehydrogenated first to generate butadiene, and then oxidized to generate maleic anhydride. In the reaction process, in addition to the main product, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water and a small amount of acetaldehyde, acetic acid, Acrolein and furan are also produced as by-products. With high unit consumption of raw materials and low yield, this method has been gradually eliminated.
3、苯酐副產(chǎn)法
3. Phthalic anhydride by-product method
在由鄰二甲苯苯酐時(shí)，可以副產(chǎn)得到一定數(shù)量的順酐產(chǎn)品，其產(chǎn)量約為苯酐產(chǎn)量的5%。在苯酐中，反應(yīng)尾氣經(jīng)洗滌塔除去有機(jī)物后排放到大氣中，洗滌液為順酐和少量的苯甲酸、苯二甲酸等雜質(zhì)，經(jīng)濃縮精制和加熱脫水后得到順酐產(chǎn)品。
When phthalic anhydride is produced from O-Xylene, a certain amount of maleic anhydride can be obtained by by-product, and its output is about 5% of that of phthalic anhydride. In the production of phthalic anhydride, the reaction tail gas is discharged into the atmosphere after removing organic matter through a washing tower. The washing solution consists of maleic anhydride and a small amount of impurities such as benzoic acid and phthalic acid. After concentration, refinement, and heating dehydration, the product of maleic anhydride is obtained.
4、正丁烷氧化法
4. N-butane oxidation method
正丁烷氧化工藝是以正丁烷為原料，在V2O5-P2O5系催化劑作用下發(fā)生氣相氧化反應(yīng)生成順酐。
The n-butane oxidation process takes n-butane as the raw material and undergoes a gas-phase oxidation reaction to produce maleic anhydride under the action of V2O5-P2O5 catalyst.
馬來酸酐儲(chǔ)運(yùn)注意事項(xiàng)
Precautions for storage and transportation of maleic anhydride
1、運(yùn)輸注意事項(xiàng)：起運(yùn)時(shí)包裝要完整，裝載應(yīng)穩(wěn)妥。運(yùn)輸過程中要確保容器不泄漏、不倒塌、不墜落、不損壞。嚴(yán)禁與氧化劑、還原劑、酸類、食用化學(xué)品等混裝混運(yùn)。運(yùn)輸途中應(yīng)防曝曬、雨淋，防高溫；
1. Transportation precautions: The packaging should be complete during transportation and the loading should be stable. During transportation, it is necessary to ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall, or be damaged. It is strictly prohibited to mix and transport oxidants, reducing agents, acids, edible chemicals, etc. During transportation, it is necessary to prevent exposure to sunlight, rain, and high temperatures;
2、儲(chǔ)存注意事項(xiàng)：儲(chǔ)存于陰涼、干燥、通風(fēng)良好的庫房。遠(yuǎn)離火種、熱源。保持容器密封。應(yīng)與氧化劑、還原劑、酸類、食用化學(xué)品分開存放，切忌混儲(chǔ)。配備相應(yīng)品種和數(shù)量的消防器材。儲(chǔ)區(qū)應(yīng)備有合適的材料收容泄漏物；
2. Storage precautions: Store in a cool, dry, and well ventilated warehouse. Keep away from sparks and heat sources. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidants, reducing agents, acids, and edible chemicals, and should not be mixed for storage. Equip corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to contain leaks;
3、包裝注意事項(xiàng)：塑料袋或二層牛皮紙袋外全開口或中開口鋼桶；塑料袋或二層牛皮紙袋外纖維板桶、膠合板桶、硬紙板桶；塑料袋外塑料桶（固體）；塑料桶（液體）。
3. Packaging precautions: full opening or middle opening steel drum outside the plastic bag or two-layer kraft paper bag; Fiberboard barrels, plywood barrels and cardboard barrels outside plastic bags or two-layer Kraft paper bags; Plastic bucket (solid) outside the plastic bag; Plastic bucket (liquid).
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